Tempo Markings and Their BPM

Printed music gives you a word; a metronome wants a number. Here is what each of the twelve most-used Italian tempo markings means in beats per minute — with a metronome already set to it on every page, the pieces that actually carry the marking, and an honest account of how much the numbers can be trusted.

MarkingBPMCharacter
Grave20–40 BPMslow and solemn
Largo40–60 BPMbroadly
Lento40–60 BPMbroadly
Larghetto60–66 BPMrather broadly
Adagio66–76 BPMslow and stately
Andante76–108 BPMat a walking pace
Moderato108–120 BPMmoderately
Allegretto112–120 BPMmoderately fast
Allegro moderato116–120 BPMnot quite allegro
Allegro120–168 BPMfast and bright
Vivace168–176 BPMlively and fast
Presto168–200 BPMvery fast

How to read the table

Every number above is a range, and the ranges overlap. That is not sloppiness in the table — it is what the words are like. The vocabulary is centuries older than the device: Maelzel patented the metronome in 1815, long after composers had been writing adagio at the top of a page. The numbers were fitted to the words afterwards, by people who disagreed with each other, and editions still do.

So use them the way a musician does. The word tells you the character; the range tells you roughly where to start; and a metronome mark printed on the score beats both. If the music says ♩ = 96, that is the tempo, and the Italian above it is describing how to play it rather than how fast.

The full ladder, including the ones without a page

The metronome’s live readout has to name exactly one marking for any tempo, so it uses a narrower ladder in which each band starts where the last one ended. It is the same vocabulary, cut so that two names can never claim the same BPM — which is why these numbers are tighter than the published ranges above.

MarkingReadout bandCharacter
Larghissimoup to 24very, very slow
Grave25–40slow and solemn
Largo41–60broadly
Larghetto61–66rather broadly
Adagio67–75slow and stately
Andante76–107at a walking pace
Moderato108–111moderately
Allegretto112–115moderately fast
Allegro moderato116–119not quite allegro
Allegro120–167fast and bright
Vivace168–175lively and fast
Presto176–199very fast
Prestissimo200+as fast as possible

Larghissimo and prestissimo have no page of their own: they are the two ends of the scale rather than tempos anyone looks up, and lento shares its band with largo — the two words cover the same speed and are often used interchangeably.

Two shortcuts worth knowing

One beat in milliseconds is 60,000 ÷ BPM. At 120 BPM that is 500 ms, at 92 it is 652 ms. That is the number you want for a delay pedal or a plugin, and it is shown live beside the tempo on every page here.

You can go the other way too. If you have the music but not the number, tap the tempo and read both the BPM and the marking that goes with it. And when you want the whole tool — odd meters, subdivisions, accents, a speed trainer and a gap trainer — the online metronome is the page for it.

Start with the common ones